Search results for "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"

showing 10 items of 26 documents

NOX2ko Mice Show Largely Increased Expression of a Mutated NOX2 mRNA Encoding an Inactive NOX2 Protein

2020

Background: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Genetic deletion is widely used to study the impact of NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) on disease development and progression in various animal models. Here, we investigate why NOX2 knockout mice show no NOX2 activity but express NOX2 mRNA and protein. Methods and Results: Oxidative burst (NOX2-dependent formation of ROS) was measured by L-012-based chemiluminescence and was largely absent in whole blood of NOX2 knockout mice. Protein expression was still de…

0301 basic medicineGene isoformPhysiologyClinical Biochemistrynext generation sequencing (NGS)030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryArticlenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) knockout mice03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineWestern blotmedicineMolecular BiologyGeneMessenger RNAmedicine.diagnostic_testurogenital systemCell BiologyMolecular biologyRespiratory burst030104 developmental biologychemistryKnockout mousecardiovascular systemoxidative stress related diseasetruncated and inactive mutanthormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatecirculatory and respiratory physiologyAntioxidants
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2020

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue surrounding most of the systemic blood vessels. PVAT is now recognized as an important endocrine tissue that maintains vascular homeostasis. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative roles. Vascular oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological event in cardiometabolic complications of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggests that PVAT dysfunction is potentially linked to cardiovascular diseases, and associated with augmented vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Reactive oxygen species produc…

0301 basic medicinePhysiologyClinical BiochemistryAdipose tissueAdipokineConnective tissue030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyPharmacologyMitochondrionmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistry03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinemedicineMolecular Biologychemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesbiologySirtuin 1business.industryCell Biology030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistrybiology.proteinbusinessOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateAntioxidants
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Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review

2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defences. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) lev…

0301 basic medicineamyotrophic lateral sclerosispterostilbenePterostilbenePhysiologyCentral nervous systemReviewPharmacologyNicotinamide adenine dinucleotidemedicine.disease_causelcsh:Physiology03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinePhysiology (medical)mitochondrial dysfunctionmedicineoxidative stressneurodegenerative diseasesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisnicotinamide ribosidelcsh:QP1-981business.industryNeurodegenerationmedicine.disease030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryNicotinamide ribosideNAD+ kinasebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryOxidative stressFrontiers in Physiology
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2020

Abstract Objective Cancer cachexia and muscle loss are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In preclinical animal models, blocking activin receptor (ACVR) ligands has improved survival and prevented muscle wasting in cancer cachexia without an effect on tumour growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify cancer cachexia and soluble ACVR (sACVR) administration-evoked changes in muscle proteome. Methods Healthy and C26 tumour-bearing (TB) mice were treated with recombinant sACVR. The sACVR or PBS control were administered either prior to the tumour formation or by continued administration before and after tumour formation. Muscle…

0301 basic medicinemedicine.medical_specialty030209 endocrinology & metabolismInflammationMyostatinNicotinamide adenine dinucleotideCachexia03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDownregulation and upregulationInternal medicinemedicineMuscular dystrophyMolecular BiologybiologyCell BiologyActivin receptormedicine.disease3. Good health030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistrybiology.proteinNAD+ kinasemedicine.symptomMolecular Metabolism
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Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.

2017

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemi…

0301 basic medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIPhysiologyOxidative phosphorylationBiologymedicine.disease_causeNitric OxideNitric oxide03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundSpecies SpecificityInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsHumansXanthine oxidasechemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIAtherosclerosisEndothelial stem cellOxidative Stress030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryEndothelium VascularCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateCirculation research
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Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo

2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (M. tenacissima) were novel ABCB1-modulatory pro-drugs, which underwent intestinal microbiota-mediated biotransformation in vivo to generate active metabolites. The metabolites at non-toxic concentrations restored chemosensitivity in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells v…

ABCC1 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1IC50 half maximal inhibitory concentrationMultidrug resistancePharmacologyNADPH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateF bioavailabilitychemistry.chemical_compoundPCR polymerase chain reaction0302 clinical medicineMDR multidrug resistanceECL electrochemiluminescencet1/2 elimination half-lifeLC–MS liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometryN.D. not detectedGeneral Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsBBB blood–brain barriermedia_commonATF3 activating transcription factor 30303 health sciencesChemistryABC ATP-binding cassetteNMPA National Medical Products AdministrationPXR pregnane X receptorSDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisHBSS Hankʹs balanced salt solutionABCB1Combination chemotherapyProdrugMarsdenia tenacissimaCmax peak concentrationPaclitaxelGAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase030220 oncology & carcinogenesisBHI brain heart infusionOriginal ArticleAUC0–∞ area under plasma concentration vs. time curveMRT mean residence timeDrugmedia_common.quotation_subjectRM1-950Vd volume of distributionABCB1 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1UIC-2 mouse monoclonal ABCB1 antibodyABCG2 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2Combination chemotherapyCYP cytochrome P450 isozymePI propidium iodideTEER transepithelial electrical resistance03 medical and health sciencesPBS phosphate buffer salineFBS fetal bovine serumDox doxorubicinIn vivoPOP polyoxypregnanemedicine030304 developmental biologyEVOM epithelial tissue voltohmmeterTmax time for peak concentrationCancerLBE lowest binding energyPE phycoerythrinmedicine.diseaseMultiple drug resistancePolyoxypregnanePapp apparent permeabilityN.A. not applicableCancer cellH&E hematoxylin and eosinMDR1a multidrug resistance protein 1aTherapeutics. PharmacologyqPCR quantitative PCRM. tenacissima Marsdenia tenacissimaCL clearanceSD standard derivationActa Pharmaceutica Sinica B
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Metabolic shift of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms with different levels of polyphosphate storage

2012

Previous studies have shown that polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are able to behave as glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) under different conditions. In this study we investigated the behavior of a culture enriched with Accumulibacter at different levels of polyphosphate (poly-P) storage. The results of stoichiometric ratios Gly degraded/HAc uptake, PHB synthesized/HAc uptake, PHV synthesized/HAc uptake and P release/HAc uptake confirmed a metabolic shift from PAO metabolism to GAO metabolism: PAOs with high poly-P content used the poly-P to obtain adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), and glycogen (Gly) to obtain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and some ATP. In a test whe…

Accumulibacter Type IIWaste component removalUnclassified drugPhysiologyChemical compositionMicrobial metabolismStorageWastewaterNicotinamide adenine dinucleotidePolyhydroxyalkanoic acidchemistry.chemical_compoundBacteriumBioreactorsPolyphosphatesGlycolysisAnaerobiosisBiomassPolyphosphate-accumulating organismsWaste Management and DisposalAccumulibacter Type IGlycogen accumulating organismPriority journalWater Science and TechnologyFluorescence microscopyPolyhydroxyvalerateSewageGlycogenHydrolysisFluorescence in situ hybridizationEcological ModelingPhosphorusHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBioaccumulationPollutionStoichiometryWaste treatmentPolyphosphate-accumulating organismsBiodegradation EnvironmentalEnhanced biological phosphorus removalBiochemistryGlycogen-accumulating metabolism (GAM)Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideAccumulibacter type 1Accumulibacter type 2GlycolysisGlycogenMetabolic Networks and PathwaysAccumulibacterAdenosine triphosphateEnvironmental EngineeringBiologyAcetic acidArticleAssociative storagePolyphosphate-accumulating metabolism (PAM)PolyphosphateGlycogen-accumulating organismsGlycogen-accumulating metabolismsTECNOLOGIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTEPolyphosphate accumulating organismCivil and Structural EngineeringPolyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO)BacteriaPolyphosphateMetabolismIn situ measurementGlycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO)Polyphosphate-accumulating metabolismsNonhumanAmidesCarbonMetabolismchemistryPolyphosphate (poly-P)Bacterial metabolismCell cultureVolatilizationWater Research
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Metabolism of the anaerobic formation of succinic acid bySaccharomyces cerevisiae

1978

1. Succinic acid is formed in amounts of 0.2–1.7 g/l by fermenting yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces during the exponential growth phase. No differences were observed between the various species, respiratory deficient mutants and wild type strains. 2. At low glucose concentrations the formation of succinic acid depended on the amount of sugar fermented. However, the nitrogen source was found to be of greater importance than the carbon source. 3. Of all nitrogen sources, glutamate yielded the highest amounts of succinic acid. Glutamate led to an oxidative and aspartate to a reductive formation of succinic acid. 4. A reductive formation of succinic acid by the citric acid cycle enzymes was obs…

Glutamate dehydrogenaseGlyoxylate cycleDehydrogenaseGeneral MedicineMetabolismBiologyNicotinamide adenine dinucleotideBiochemistryMicrobiologyMalate dehydrogenaseCitric acid cyclechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBiochemistrySuccinic acidGeneticsMolecular BiologyArchives of Microbiology
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Influence of Dimerization of Apocynin on Its Effects in Experimental Colitis

2017

Apocynin has been widely used as an inhibitor of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) system and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Diapocynin, the dimeric product generated by the oxidation of apocynin in the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO), is supposed to be its active form. In this study, diapocynin has been chemically synthesized and its activity on several inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and its anti-inflammatory effect on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice analyzed. We found that diapocynin showed higher inhibitory activity than apocynin. The dimer reduced ROS production, TNF-α…

Male0301 basic medicineDimerInterleukin-1betaPharmacologyInhibitory postsynaptic potentialMice03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundIn vivoAnimalsHumansMice Inbred BALB COxidase testMolecular StructurebiologyInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMacrophagesBiphenyl CompoundsNF-kappa BAcetophenonesGeneral ChemistryColitis030104 developmental biologychemistryDiapocyninBiochemistryCyclooxygenase 2MyeloperoxidaseApocyninbiology.proteinGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesDimerizationNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives

2021

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MaleAgingssRNA single-stranded RNARFLP restriction fragment length polymorphismHSPs heat shock proteinsReviewPTMs post-translational modificationsSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeBiochemistryHIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus-1TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αEC endothelial cells0302 clinical medicineFluAV influenza A virusI insertionMedicineIFN-γ interferon-γDIC disseminated intravascular coagulationPCR Polymerase Chain Reactionmedia_commonAged 80 and overLongevityRBD receptor-binding domainNeurologyLongevity modelMI myocardial infarctionNK natural killerhPIV2 human parainfluenza virus type 2media_common.quotation_subjectResearching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targetsLongevityDBP diastolic blood pressureNF-Kb nuclear transcription factor kBRANTES regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secretedMphi human macrophages03 medical and health sciencesCox 2 cyclooxygenase 2ORF open reading framePT prothrombin timeSettore MED/05 - Patologia ClinicaHumansMolecular BiologyInflammatory genesARDS acute respiratory distress syndromeNO nitric oxideD deletionCpGIs CpG islandsT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusmedicine.diseaseFDP fibrin degradation products030104 developmental biologySARS CoV2 severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 virusImmunologyBMI body max indexItalian nonagenarians/centenariansRSV respiratory syncytial virusComplication030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseIP-10 IFN-γ -Inducible Protein 1040301 basic medicineAT1R activity of angiotensin 1 receptorsDCs dentritic cellsSSCP single strand conformation polymorphismACE/DD polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzymeFGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21TLR4 toll-like receptor 4NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideACE angiotensin-I converting enzymeAT2R activity of angiotensin 2 receptorsCOVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019Respiratory distressACE2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2MKP-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 ()PD protease domainSNP single nucleotide polymorphismEH essential hypertensionTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorINR international normalized ratio of the prothrombin timePAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1Ang angiotensinLPS lipopolysaccharideMCP1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1medicine.symptomaPTT partial thromboplastin timeBiotechnologyDUSP1 dual specificity phosphatase 1Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PC prostate cancerRAS renin-angiotensin aldosterone systemCCR5Δ32 genetic variant of chemokine receptorCOVID-19 Researching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targets Italian nonagenarians/centenarians Longevity modelAsymptomaticSARS-1 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 1SIRT-1 Sirtuin 1Th1 t-helper lymphocyte type 1Immune systemROS reactive oxygen speciesTGF-β transforming growth factor betaET-1 endothelin-1ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSADAM-17 metallopeptidase domain 17business.industrySARS-CoV-2SBP systolic blood pressureCOVID-19HDACs histone deacetylasesComorbidityImmune Systembusiness5-LO lipoxygenase 5Ageing Research Reviews
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